Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia
   Founded on 1 December 1918, as the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, Yugoslavia united the bulk of the South Slav population following the collapse of the Hapsburg Empire. On the eve of World War II, the population of Yugoslavia was about 15,500,000, consisting of 43 percent Serbs, 34 percent Croats, 7 percent Slovenes, and 7 percent Macedonians. The 1931 census, the last taken before the German occupation, tallied approximately 73,000 Jews. By 1941, the number increased to 80,000 as a result of the influx of Jewish refugees from Germany and Austria. Most of Yugoslavia’s Jews lived in Belgrade, where anti-Semitism was a marginal phenomenon. Although Yugoslavia was neutral when World War II erupted in September 1939, the Germans exerted pressure on Yugoslavia that resulted in the passage of anti-Semitic measures. In October 1940, in the hopes of appeasing Germany, the government enacted a quota system for Jews in secondary schools and universities. This was followed by restrictions on Jews trading in certain sectors of the economy.
   Between 1933 and 1941, about 50,000 Jews passed through Yugoslavia as they fled the Nazis. Yugoslav Jewry rallied to the support of the refugees with financial help as well as helping in the “illegal” immigration into Palestine. Following the German occupation of Yugoslavia in April 1941, the country was divided into separate states along religious and ethnic lines. The extermination of Yugoslavia’s Jewish population followed, but the pace of the steps leading to the deportations varied in each of these areas.
   See also Croatia; Serbia.

Historical dictionary of the Holocaust. . 2014.

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  • Yugoslavia — (Serbo Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslavija ; Cyrillic script: Југославија; literally in English: South Slavia or Land of South Slavs ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the… …   Wikipedia

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  • YUGOSLAVIA — ( Land of the Southern Slavs ), until 1991 a Socialist Federated Republic in S.E. Europe, in the Balkan Peninsula. The various elements of which Yugoslav Jewry was composed after 1918 (i.e., those of Serbia and the Austro Hungarian countries)… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Yugoslavia — Yu*go slav i a, n. A mountainous republic in southeastern Europe [syn: [Yugoslavia],[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia], [Jugoslavija], [Serbia and Montenegro]] [WordNet 1.7] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

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  • Yugoslavia — 1929 (earlier the country was Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes); from YUGOSLAV (Cf. Yugoslav) + IA (Cf. ia). The name vanished from the map in 2003 …   Etymology dictionary

  • Yugoslavia — [yo͞o΄gō slä′vē ə, yo͞o΄gəsläv′yə; yo͞osläv′yə] a former country in the NW Balkan Peninsula, bordering on the Adriatic: established as a nation in 1918 (called Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 1918 29), became a federal republic (1945) …   English World dictionary

  • Yugoslavia — Yugoslavian, adj., n. Yugoslavic, adj. /yooh goh slah vee euh/, n. 1. a federal republic in S Europe: since 1992 comprised of Serbia and Montenegro. 10,573,928; 39,449 sq. mi. (102,173 sq. km). Cap.: Belgrade. 2. Formerly (1918 29), Kingdom of… …   Universalium

  • Yugoslavia — Este artículo es sobre el territorio conocido genéricamente como Yugoslavia. Para otros significados, véase Yugoslavia (desambiguación) El territorio conocido genéricamente como Yugoslavia es el que agrupa a los estados de Eslovenia, Croacia,… …   Enciclopedia Universal

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